Idan aka kwatanta da gilashi da kayan ƙarfe, manyan halayen robobi sune:
1, farashin yana da ƙananan, za'a iya sake amfani da shi ba tare da lalata ba, wanda ya dace da amfani a matsayin albarkatun kasa don samar da na'urorin likitancin da za a iya zubar da su;
2, sarrafawa yana da sauƙi, ana iya sarrafa amfani da filastik ta zuwa nau'i-nau'i masu amfani, kuma ƙarfe da gilashi yana da wuyar ƙirƙira a cikin hadadden tsarin samfurori;
3, m, na roba, ba da sauƙin karya kamar gilashi;
4, tare da inertness na sinadarai mai kyau da amincin halittu.
Wadannan abũbuwan amfãni yin robobi yadu amfani da likita na'urorin, yafi ciki har da polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), ABS, polyurethane, polyamide, thermoplastic elastomers, polysulfone da kuma polyether ether ketone.Haɗuwa zai iya inganta aikin robobi, ta yadda mafi kyawun aikin resins daban-daban suna nunawa, kamar polycarbonate / ABS, polypropylene / elastomer blending modification.
Saboda tuntuɓar magungunan ruwa ko tuntuɓar jikin ɗan adam, ainihin buƙatun robobi na likitanci shine kwanciyar hankali da sinadarai.A takaice dai, abubuwan da ke cikin kayan filastik ba za su iya zubewa cikin magungunan ruwa ko jikin mutum ba, ba za su haifar da guba da lalacewa ga kyallen jiki da gabobin ba, kuma ba mai guba bane kuma mara lahani ga jikin mutum.Domin tabbatar da lafiyar lafiyar robobin likitanci, robobin likitanci da aka saba sayarwa a kasuwa ana tabbatar da su da kuma gwada su daga hukumomin kiwon lafiya, kuma ana sanar da masu amfani da su karara cewa maki na likitanci ne.
Robobi na likitanci a Amurka yawanci suna wuce takaddun shaida na FDA da gano ilimin halitta na USPVI, kuma yawancin robobi a China ana gwada su ta Cibiyar Gwajin na'urar Kiwon Lafiya ta Shandong.A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai adadi mai yawa na kayan filastik na likitanci a cikin ƙasar ba tare da tsayayyen takaddun shaida na biosafety ba, amma tare da haɓaka ƙa'idodi a hankali, waɗannan yanayi za su ƙara haɓaka.
Dangane da tsari da buƙatun ƙarfin samfurin na'urar, muna zaɓar nau'in filastik daidai da ƙimar da ta dace, kuma ƙayyade fasahar sarrafa kayan.Waɗannan kaddarorin sun haɗa da aikin sarrafawa, ƙarfin injina, farashin amfani, hanyar haɗuwa, haifuwa, da dai sauransu. Ana gabatar da kaddarorin sarrafawa da na zahiri da sinadarai na robobin likitanci da aka saba amfani da su.
Filayen likitanci guda bakwai da aka saba amfani da su
1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan filastik mafi inganci a duniya.Gudun PVC fari ne ko foda mai haske mai launin rawaya, PVC mai tsabta yana da ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi da gaggautsa, da wuya a yi amfani da shi.Dangane da amfani daban-daban, ana iya ƙara abubuwan ƙari daban-daban don yin sassan filastik na PVC suna nuna kaddarorin jiki da na injiniya daban-daban.Ƙara adadin da ya dace na filastik zuwa resin PVC na iya yin samfura iri-iri masu wuya, taushi da bayyane.
PVC mai wuya ba ya ƙunsar ko ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin filastik, yana da kyawu mai kyau, lankwasawa, matsawa da juriya mai tasiri, ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan gini kaɗai.PVC mai laushi ya ƙunshi ƙarin masu amfani da filastik, kuma taushinsa, elongation a lokacin hutu da juriya na sanyi yana ƙaruwa, amma raguwa, taurin da ƙarfi ya ragu.Girman PVC mai tsabta shine 1.4g / cm3, kuma yawancin sassan filastik na PVC tare da masu yin filastik da masu cikawa gabaɗaya a cikin kewayon 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Dangane da kiyasin kasuwa, kusan kashi 25% na samfuran filastik na likitanci sune PVC.Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin farashi na resin, yawan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, da sauƙin sarrafa shi.Kayayyakin PVC don aikace-aikacen likita sune: bututun hemodialysis, masks na numfashi, bututun oxygen da sauransu.
2. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Polyethylene filastik shine mafi girma iri-iri a cikin masana'antar filastik, madara, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari da barbashi waxy maras guba.An kwatanta shi da farashi mai arha, kyakkyawan aiki, ana iya amfani dashi sosai a masana'antu, noma, marufi da masana'antar yau da kullun, kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar filastik.
PE yafi hada da ƙananan yawa polyethylene (LDPE), babban yawa polyethylene (HDPE) da matsananci-high kwayoyin nauyi polyethylene (UHDPE) da sauran iri.HDPE yana da ƙananan sarƙoƙi na reshe akan sarkar polymer, mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, crystallinity da yawa, mafi girman tauri da ƙarfi, rashin ƙarfi mara kyau, babban wurin narkewa, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi a sassan allura.LDPE yana da sarƙoƙi da yawa, don haka nauyin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa da kuma yawan gaske, ana amfani da juriya, a halin yanzu ana amfani da juriya na PVC, a halin yanzu ana amfani da su sosai.Hakanan ana iya haɗa kayan HDPE da LDPE bisa ga buƙatun aiki.UHDPE yana da ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi, ƙananan juzu'i, juriya ga ƙwanƙwasa damuwa da halaye masu kyau na kuzari, yana mai da shi kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don masu haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi, gwiwa da kafada.
3. polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Polypropylene ba shi da launi, mara wari kuma mara guba.Yana kama da polyethylene, amma ya fi haske da haske fiye da polyethylene.PP thermoplastic ne tare da kyawawan kaddarorin, tare da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun nauyi (0.9g / cm3), ba mai guba ba, mai sauƙin aiwatarwa, juriya mai tasiri, anti-deflection da sauran fa'idodi.Yana da aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, ciki har da jakunkuna, fina-finai, akwatunan juyawa, kayan kariya na waya, kayan wasan yara, bumpers na mota, fibers, injin wanki da sauransu.
Medical PP yana da babban nuna gaskiya, mai kyau shamaki da radiation juriya, don haka yana da fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace a cikin likita kayan aiki da kuma marufi masana'antu.Abubuwan da ba PVC ba tare da PP a matsayin babban jiki a halin yanzu ana amfani da su azaman madadin kayan PVC.
4. Polystyrene (PS) da kuma K resin
PS shine nau'in nau'in filastik na uku mafi girma bayan polyvinyl chloride da polyethylene, yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman kayan aiki na filastik guda ɗaya da aikace-aikacen, manyan halaye sune nauyi mai sauƙi, m, mai sauƙin rini, aikin sarrafa gyare-gyare yana da kyau, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin robobi na yau da kullun. , sassan lantarki, kayan aikin gani da kayan al'adu da ilimi.Nau'insa yana da wuya kuma yana da rauni, kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar thermal, wanda ke iyakance aikace-aikacensa a aikin injiniya.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙera gyare-gyaren polystyrene da styrene copolymers don shawo kan gazawar polystyrene zuwa wani matsayi.K resin yana daya daga cikinsu.
K resin an yi shi da styrene da butadiene copolymerization, shi ne amorphous polymer, m, m, mara guba, yawa na 1.01g / cm3 (kasa da PS, AS), mafi girma tasiri juriya fiye da PS, bayyananne (80 ~ 90% ) kyau, thermal nakasar zafin jiki na 77 ℃, Adadin butadiene kunshe a cikin K abu, taurin kuma daban-daban, saboda da kyau fluidity na K abu, sarrafa zafin jiki kewayon ne m, don haka ta aiki yi da kyau.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullun sun haɗa da kofuna, LIDS, kwalabe, marufi na kwaskwarima, rataye, kayan wasan yara, samfuran kayan maye na PVC, marufi na abinci da kayan aikin likitanci.
5. ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers
ABS yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, taurin, juriya mai tasiri da juriya na sinadarai, juriya na radiation da juriya na disinfection na ethylene oxide.
ABS a cikin aikace-aikacen likitanci ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin tiyata, shirye-shiryen ganga, alluran filastik, akwatunan kayan aiki, na'urorin bincike da gidajen agajin ji, musamman wasu manyan gidajen kayan aikin likita.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Halayen halayen PCS sune tauri, ƙarfi, tsauri, da haifuwar tururi mai zafi, wanda ke sa PCS ya fi so azaman matattarar hemodialysis, kayan aikin tiyata, da tankunan oxygen (lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tiyatar zuciya, wannan kayan aikin na iya cire carbon dioxide daga ciki). jini da kuma kara yawan oxygen);
Sauran aikace-aikacen PC a cikin magani sun haɗa da tsarin allura mara allura, kayan aikin turare, kwanonin centrifuge na jini, da pistons.Yin amfani da fa'idarsa mai girma, gilashin myopia na yau da kullun ana yin su ne da PC.
7. PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)
Polytetrafluoroethylene resin farin foda ne, bayyanar waxy, santsi kuma maras sanda, shine filastik mafi mahimmanci.PTFE yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da ba su kwatankwacinsu da ma'aunin thermoplastics na gabaɗaya, don haka an san shi da "sarkin filastik".Matsakaicin juzu'in sa shine mafi ƙanƙanta a tsakanin robobi, yana da kyakykyawan daidaituwar yanayin halitta, kuma ana iya sanya shi cikin tasoshin jini na wucin gadi da sauran na'urori da aka dasa kai tsaye.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-25-2023